Carsten T Lüth

PhD Student @ Heidelberg University & Division of Medical Image Computing at DKFZ & Helmholtz Imaging

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I’m finishing my PhD at Heidelberg University, the Division of Medical Image Computing at DKFZ & Helmholtz Imaging (defense: April 2026), supervised by Prof. Klaus Maier-Hein and Dr. Paul Jaeger (Google DeepMind).

The throughline of my research is a simple question:

Are we actually measuring what we think we’re measuring?

This has taken me through Active Learning, Uncertainty Estimation, and Selective Classification — always asking whether the evaluation practices the field relies on are telling us the truth. The answer is often no, and I try to do something about it. This work has been recognized with 2 ICLR Oral presentations, a NeurIPS Spotlight, and a MICCAI STAR Award (~700 citations total).

The most concrete expression of this is nnActive — the largest benchmark for Active Learning in 3D biomedical segmentation (~150k A100 GPU hours), built on top of nnU-Net, the segmentation framework I help maintain (8k+ stars, 1,000+ active users worldwide).

I also organize heidelberg.ai, a community of 3,000+ AI practitioners in Heidelberg. We’ve hosted talks from the teams behind Stable Diffusion, AlphaFold, and Aleph Alpha, and I’m proud of the space we’ve built for genuine scientific exchange.

On a personal note: I read widely (fiction, statistics, psychology, philosophie — in no particular order), and outside of work I surf, play piano, cook, and spend time with friends.


selected publications

  1. CVPR
    Better than Average: Spatially-Aware Aggregation of Segmentation Uncertainty Improves Downstream Performance
    Vanessa E Guarino, Claudia Winklmayr, Jannik Franzen, and 7 more authors
    In IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2026
    Equal contribution: D Kainmueller*, C Karg*, CT Lüth*
  2. TMLR
    Finally Outshining the Random Baseline: A Simple and Effective Solution for Active Learning in 3D Biomedical Imaging
    Carsten T Lüth, Jeremias Traub, Kim-Celine Kahl, and 6 more authors
    Transactions on Machine Learning Research (TMLR), 2026
    Equal contribution: CT Lüth*, J Traub*
  3. TMLR
    nnActive: A Framework for Evaluation of Active Learning in 3D Biomedical Segmentation
    Carsten T Lüth, Jeremias Traub, Kim-Celine Kahl, and 6 more authors
    Transactions on Machine Learning Research (TMLR), 2025
    Equal contribution: CT Lüth*, J Traub*. Compute: 150k A100 GPU hours
  4. ICLR
    ValUES: A Framework for Systematic Validation of Uncertainty Estimation in Semantic Segmentation
    Carsten T Lüth, Kim-Celine Kahl, Maximilian Zenk, and 2 more authors
    In International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), 2024
    Oral Presentation (Top 1% of submissions). Equal contribution: CT Lüth*, KC Kahl*
  5. NeurIPS
    Navigating the Pitfalls of Active Learning Evaluation: A Systematic Framework for Meaningful Performance Assessment
    Carsten T Lüth, Till J Bungert, Lukas Klein, and 1 more author
    In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 2023
  6. ICLR
    A Call to Reflect on Evaluation Practices for Failure Detection in Image Classification
    Paul F Jaeger, Carsten T Lüth, Lukas Klein, and 1 more author
    In International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), 2023
    Oral Presentation (Top 1% of submissions)
  7. NeurIPS
    Overcoming Common Flaws in the Evaluation of Selective Classification Systems
    Jeremias Traub, Till J Bungert, Carsten T Lüth, and 4 more authors
    In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 2024
    Spotlight Presentation (Top 5% of submissions)
  8. MICCAI
    cOOpD: Reformulating COPD Classification on Chest CT Scans as Anomaly Detection Using Contrastive Representations
    Carsten T Lüth, Silvia D Almeida, Tobias Norajitra, and 7 more authors
    In International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention (MICCAI), 2023
    STAR Award. Equal contribution: CT Lüth*, SD Almeida*
  9. NeurIPS WS
    Interactive Semantic Interventions for VLMs: A Human-in-the-Loop Investigation of VLM Failure
    Carsten T Lüth, Lukas Klein, Kenza Amara, and 1 more author
    In NeurIPS Workshop on Safe Generative AI, 2024
    Equal contribution: L Klein*, K Amara*, CT Lüth*